Pepper is a spice widely appreciated and used throughout the world, and its cultivation and harvesting present interesting particularities depending on the different types of pepper. Here's an overview of pepper cultivation and the distinctions between green, white, black and red pepper.

Cultivation and Harvesting of Pepper

Pepper cultivation begins with the planting of the tropical vine Piper nigrum , native to the Malabar coast in India. This climbing plant requires a warm, humid climate as well as a support for climbing, such as a tree or trellis. The harvesting method varies depending on the type of pepper desired and its stage of maturity.

Green pepper

Green pepper is picked before it reaches maturity, while the berries are still young and tender. To preserve this freshness, techniques such as freeze-drying, dehydration, or preservation in salt or brine are used. Green pepper is the least spicy and one of the most aromatic, often used in creamy sauces and with red meats.

Black pepper

Black pepper berries are harvested before they are fully ripe. They then undergo fermentation followed by drying, which gives them their distinctive black color. Black pepper is the strongest of the four types and goes well with red meats and rich dishes.

White pepper

White pepper is harvested when fully ripe, when the berries turn red. After harvesting, the berries are soaked in water to remove the skin and then dried. White pepper is the mildest, because the piperine, which gives the spiciness, is found mainly in the skin of the berries. It is ideal for fish, shellfish and white meats.

Red pepper

Red pepper is harvested when fully ripe, when the berries are red, then dried naturally. This type of pepper is very fragrant and less spicy than black pepper, with notes of red fruits and honey. It goes well with desserts, poultry and goat cheeses.

Pepper cultivation is an art requiring patience and expertise. Each type of pepper offers a unique taste experience, enriching our culinary palette. At Comptoir de Toamasina, we are proud to offer superior quality peppers, grown with respect for traditions and the environment.